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Vybrané aspekty vlivu bezobratlých herbivorů na složení travinného společenstva
HRUBÁ, Karolína
The first part of my thesis is focused on observation of the leaf damage by invertebrate herbivores during season. I examined how the selected traits affect the palatability of plant species. In the next project, I investigated the effect of herbivory and gaps on seedling establishment. And finally, in the last part, I studied the effect of herbivory of terrestrial gastropods on competitive relationships among selected species.
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Effect of canopy openning on undergrowth of pioneer forests
Lutišan, Zuzana ; Vojta, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Hofmeister, Jeňýk (referee)
Canopy gaps created by falling or the death of one or more trees in the closed canopy forests are a natural part of the temperate forests in temperate zones. There are studies that describe this disturbing mechanism helpful in forest restoration and regeneration of primary virgin forests. Much more frequent in the forests of the Central European country, however, are secondary forests, which originated in the area after the previous human impact in places that were gradually abandoned and successionally overgrown up to the stage of forest communities. And in this type of forest, I tried to capture the effect and impact on vegetation clearings in the undergrowth. The results, presented in this paper come from the area Doupovské mountains, of the military area Hradiště, where there are fragments of pioneer forests established after the displacement of the population in the 50s of the last century. The goal of this thesis was to find out how these canopy gaps affect species composition and diversity of undergrowth pioneer forests and how important are selected environmental conditions on the composition and diversity of undergrowth vegetation. I was able to show that gaps in pioneer forests create an environment for species that normally don't occur under the closed canopy. Light has a significant...
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Darkness as a Metaphor in Film Noir
Chromčáková, Petra ; Hájek, Václav (advisor) ; Řehořová, Irena (referee)
The thesis Darkness as a Metaphor in Film Noir explores the theme of darkness in film noir. Darkness is not merely formal, but also metaphorical communication vehicle, which works as a semantic framework and therefore when "reading" interpretive efforts have to be expended. In question of theory the thesis is based on Paul Ricoeur's living metaphor that transmute existing meanings and causes interpretive activities, as well as on conceptualization of the text openness towards the recipient, which is represented by theories of Roman Ingarden's places of indeterminacy, Wolfgang Iser's gaps, and Umberto Eco's open work. The hypothesis is the presumption that film noir can be understood in a way that it brings to viewers a change of perception, or a new visual experience, which was not present in cinema until then and which leads to the perception of "third sense". The thesis provides analyses of film noir movies and highlights their specific narrative and stylistic elements. The research also refers to the history of darkness in visual culture, while asking whether the traditional stereotypes can be separated from the inevitable sensual experience.
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Role of indeterminance in literary work
Marković, Maša ; Zuska, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Kubalík, Štěpán (referee)
In this paper I focused mainly on "indeterminacy" as a term which functions in literary theory. This paper was based on analysis of phenomenological approach of Roman Ingarden, on theory of Reception Aesthetics of Wolfgang Iser and on the theory of Fictional Worlds by Lubomir Doležela. I have analyzed the indeterminacy in relation to the literary work and what function does it have when fictional worlds are constructed. It was ascertained that its function has changed in time. This paper's focus was on aesthetic reception in relation to the gaps and blanks which originate from literary work. One part of this thesis was dedicated to construction of fictional and possible worlds and their relation to the indeterminacy. Indeterminacy in this paper was presented as indispensible part of the aesthetic reception.
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